- Fruits like apples, apricots, raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, and oranges.
- Herbs and vegetables like Chamomile, sage, thyme, artichoke leaves, lemon, parsley, celery, carrots, cabbage, onions, tomatoes, green pepper.
- Olive oil.
- Neuro-inflammation plays a crucial part in neuro-behavioral dysfunction
- Immune system abnormalities are involve in many brain dysfunction like autism
- Allergies are common in many patients especially those with autism
- Mast cells are involved in allergic phenomenon, inflammation and immune modulation
- Mast cell activation is seen in autism
- Luteolin acts on mast cells inhibiting release of inflammatory chemical mediators thus suppressing inflammation.
- Luteolin decreases death of brain cells as a result of neuroinflammation.
- Luteolin diminishes diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction, decreased memory and mental speed. These changes in diabetes occur due to increased oxidative stress and inflammation.
- Luteolin decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6) induced behavioral problems of social interaction in mice.
- Open labeled trial
- 50 kids (4-10 years of age) with autism
- Symptom list confirmed by using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
- ASD diagnosis relying on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.
- Each capsule of flavonoid formulation contained100 mg of luteolin 100mg derived from chamomile plus 70 mg of quercetin 70 mg and 30 mg of quercetin glycoside rutin.
- Dose: 1 capsule per 10 kg body weight per day for 26 weeks
- Baseline evaluation followed by follow-up at 18 weeks and 26 weeks.
- Primary outcome was based on Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales domains which include communication, daily living skills and socialization.
- Secondary outcomes comprised of Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score.
- 40 subjects completed the study. Six withdrew due to increased irritability due to intervention, one due to noncompliance and one withdrew after completing baseline evaluation.
- VABS composite score improved significantly suggesting an improved adaptive functioning.
- Of VABS subsets, there was a significant improvement in daily living skills as well as social domains, whereas the improvement in communication demonstrated a trend towards significant improvement.
- ABI scores were significantly higher for all domains.
- ABC scores demonstrated a significant improvement on hyperactivity, irritability, lethargy as well as stereotypic behavior (p<0.01) whereas improvement in inappropriate speech showed trend towards improvement.
- ATEC scores improved only for health/physical/behavior.
- Multiple pathogenic mechanisms are involved in neurobehavioral dysfunction. Mast cells are involved in inflammation, immune modulation, allergic phenomenon etc. These cells may one of the key pathways of behavioral dysfunction characterized by neuroinflammation and autoimmune dysregulation.
- Since multiple pathways may be involved in such disorders, multi-therapeutic strategy has the best prospect of outcome.
- The results of this study suggest that suppression of this important mast cell pathway may potentially enhance the effect of other therapeutic modalities. Large randomized controlled trials are needed however to confirm above findings.
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