Omega6 Fatty Acid Arachidonic acid Link to Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by neuro-developmental dysfunction including disordered connections in brain and associated problematic social relationships and interactions.

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Autism Fatty Acids (PUFA) Study

Dr. Yui and colleagues from the Ashiya University Graduate School of Education, Ashiya; Japan. The study titled, "Effects of Large Doses of Arachidonic Acid Added to Docosahexaenoic Acid on Social Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial" was published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid play a key role maturation of neural networks in brain. In fact DHA is critical for grey matter of brain and is associated with healthy cognitive and social functioning.

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Few words about arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid is a omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid stored in the cell membrane that surrounds cells in our body. It plays a key role in signal transduction especially in brain.

Role of arachidonic acid in signal transduction

It is a two-step process involving activation of a specific receptor on cell membrane by a signaling molecule. This activation results in another molecule like arachidonic acid transmitting the signal into the cell leading to an actual physiological or in some cases pathological response.

Hypothesis of Autism PUFA study

Supplementation with high doses of arachidonic acid plus DHA ameliorates social impairment in patients with autism spectrum disorders.

Methods and Materials of Autism PUFA study

Duration: 16-weeks
Subjects: 13 (7 intervention group; 6 placebo); Mean age 14.6 years
Design: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Biochemical parameters studied

Markers of signal transduction: Plasma antioxidants transferrin and superoxide dismutase.
Outcome measure: Social Responsiveness Scale and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community.

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Results of Autism PUFA study

Arachidonic acid supplementation regimen significantly improved Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community-measured social withdrawal and Social Responsiveness Scale-measured communication.
There was a significant difference in plasma transferrin levels and a trend toward a significant difference in superoxide dismutase levels.

Conclusions of Autism PUFA study

Supplementation with high doses of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid to DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid improves impaired social interaction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder by affecting connecting signaling system in the brain.

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